Plant Metallothioneins as Regulators of Environmental Stress Responses

Scientific research has focused to delineate the core aspects of stress tolerance mechanisms and apply crucial components for enhancing plants their growth under stressed environments. Metallothioneins (MTs) are known play pivotal roles in regulation. They bacteria, fungi, all other eukaryotic organisms. MTs low molecular weight, cysteinerich proteins. important metal chelators also possess antioxidant properties. work upon reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production is induced by different stresses damage various cellular biomolecules. MT proteins classified into two classes, plant belong class II type, while animal I type. have been investigated vast number modulation uncovered. Hence, a promising tool management, acting as essential biomarkers ensuring food security coming future achieve sustainable development goals worldwide. This review discusses abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature, light, oxidative regulation heavy metals homeostasis detoxification toxic nanoparticle management plants.